
Ubicato nella valle del Ticino, Galliate è un importante centro agricolo e industriale, oltre che sede di numerosi mobilifici. Il paese viene citato già in un documento dell’840 attestante la donazione da parte del vescovo Adalgiso al Capitolo di Santa Maria di Novara. Nell’XI secolo, venne conteso fra il vescovo di Novara e l’arcivescovo di Milano, che di Galliate possedeva il castello (successivamente distrutto da Federico I). Divenuto libero comune, Galliate fu protagonista di forti contrasti con Novara, culminati nel 1356 con una devastazione del capoluogo ad opera dei galliatesi e del Marchese del Monferrato.
Located in the Ticino Valley, Galliate is an important agricultural and industrial centre. The country is mentioned already in a document of 840 attesting Bishop Adalgiso donation to the “Capitolo of Santa Maria di Novara”. In the 11th century, Galliate was contended by the Bishop of Novara and Archbishop of Milan, that had the Galliate Castle (later destroyed by Frederick I). Become a free town, Galliate was the protagonist of strong contrasts with Novara, culminating in 1356 with a devastation of Novara by the Galliate and the Marquis of Monferrato.
| Abitanti/Inhabitants number: 15681 |
Superficie/Surface: kmq: 29,54 |
Altitudine sul mare/Altitude: 153 m |
| Denominazione degli abitanti/Inhabitants: galliatesi |
Altre località/Towns: Belvedere, La Dogana, La Quara, La Soliva, Molino di Vulpiate, Villa Fortuna |
Cascine/Farms: Garganella, La Tesa, Migliaretti, Varzi |
| Festa patronale/Patrons: S.Giuseppe (15-31/03) |
Telefono/Phone: Prefisso 0321 |
Codice Postale/Postal code: 28066 |
The parish church of st Peter and St Paul is in the centre near the Aforza Castle. Little is known about the ancient parish churches of the town; it appears from a report drawn up by bishop Bascapè during a pastoral visit of his in 1593 that the church of St Peter, in the castle area, had also been the parish church until the 15th century. The present church reconstructed on the previous one in the 19th century is in the neogothic style. Inside the building, in the choir, are two particularly fine panels, the work of Ambrogio da Fossano known as Il Bergognone, which can be dated according to some scholars from 1510. The two works represent the Apostles Peter and Paul full-length and their brightly coloured garments have borders in gold relief, as do their haloes. It is thought that the two panels were originally part of a polyptych which was later dismembered.
The old Varallino sanctuary, outside the town in the area of Vulpiate, along the road leading to the Ticino river, stands on the remains of a small country chapel dedicated to St Peter ( St Peter in Lupiate, the ancient name existing in the 11th century). Built towards the end of the 16th century on a plan of Pellegrino Tibaldi, it is dedicated to the Bird of the Virgin, with the interior reflecting the model of the Sacri Monti, especially, it appears, that of Varallo Sesia, and from this similarity derives the name still used today. On the façade designed by Ercole Marietti of Galliate is a picture showing St Peter escaping from prison. The pediment on which statues are resting, supported by a large portico on columns, form together an imposing whole. The interior is now oval in shape; along the walls are ten chapels decorated with statues and paintings representing the Mysteries of Life. Five chapels are dedicated to the Joyous Mysteries and are situated on the right, while on the left are the other five chapels dedicated to the Sorrowful Mysteries. Many of the large and impressive statues inside the chapels are by Dionigi Bussola, an artist from Milan, while others are attributed to Giuseppe Argenti, of equal renown. The fresco of Paradise on the cupola above the main chapel in the real masterpiece of the religious building. It is by Lorenzo Peracino, a 18th century painter from Valsesia, who shows great artistic skill in the creation of stage effects and scenes representing the Virgin, Christ and God surrounded by a majestic choir of angels playing musical instruments among the clouds, illuminated by the divine light. Another extremely interesting work is the Madonna della Pera, a fresco which could date from the 15th century. This old painting used to be in the chapel of St Peter and is now behind the high altar of the Sanctuary, in a marble niche. Unfortunately the original fresco was repainted in the 18th century by Lorenzo Peracino, who completed it in the pictorial style of this time.
The castle was built in 1476 on the orders of the duke of Milan, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, on a previous military construction of the Viscontis. It is on a rectangular plan and is still surrounded by a ditch and walls; four towers stands at the corners of the walls. The project of the construction was given to the architect Ambrogio Ferrari with the supervision of the duke, on whose death the castle was not yet finished. Ludovico il Moro completed the building, altering and embellishing the rooms to increase the comfort of the residence used by the court of Milan for hunting. The northeast tower is well preserved, with a 15th century floor and an umbrella vault frescoed with the heraldic devices of the Visconti and Sforza families. Today the castle is largely the property of the commune. It houses the town library, the Museum of contemporary art, the council hall and rooms for shows and exhibitions. In the summer the 19th century courtyard is used for plays and outdoor events.
The chapel is in the church of St Joseph, in St Joseph’s square, and contains a fresco showing the Virgin and Child enthroned with Angels and the donor; the fresco was discovered in 1956 when minor restoration of the church was being carried out. According to some scholars, the painting can be attributed to the 15th-16th century: it combines medieval style elements with distinctly renaissance innovations. The cult of the Madonna della Neve has its origin in an ancient legend. It is said that on 5 August 352 the Virgin appeared in dream to Pope Liberio and a Roman noble, exhorting them to build a church on the place where there would be a fall of snow the following day. So it turned out and when the Romans awoke in the morning they found a sprinkling of snow on the site where the church of Santa Maria Maggiore now stands.
Villa Fortuna is in a very interesting spot, between an alluvial terrace of the river Ticino and the Langosco canal. Its construction dates from the end of the 16th century, and it belonged to Costanza Sforza in the 17th century. The name of the building appears to derive from the wish of the inhabitants of Galliate in Roman times to erect on the site a temple dedicated to the Fortune of Caesar, the conqueror of Anthony in the battle of Azio in 31 Bc. From the second half of the 18th century the building’s destiny changed and because of its strategic position it was bought by the Consortium of the Langosco Canal so that the employees of the Canal should have a suitable place to live in. Within the unit, which contains the villa itself on an L plan and the adjacent farmhouses, is a small church dedicated to St Charles, now turned into a private residence. Outside the unit a second Oratory, still open for worship and dedicated to the Vergine Addolorata, was built in the 18th century. At the end of the 18th century with villa was also used to house French troops, while on the 4 and 5 June 1859 it became the headquarters of Vittorio Emanuele II during the battle of Magenta
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